Controlling the Camera

Default Camera Control System

By default, Panda3D runs a task that allows you to move the camera using the mouse.

The keys to navigate are:

Mouse Button

Action

Left Button

Pan left and right.

Right Button

Move forwards and backwards.

Middle Button

Rotate around the origin of the application.

Right and Middle Buttons

Roll the point of view around the view axis.

Go ahead and try this camera control system. The problem with it is that it is sometimes awkward. It is not always easy to get the camera pointed in the direction we want.

Tasks

Update the Code

Instead, we are going to write a task that controls the camera’s position explicitly. A task is nothing but a procedure that gets called every frame. Update your code as follows:

 1from math import pi, sin, cos
 2
 3from direct.showbase.ShowBase import ShowBase
 4from direct.task import Task
 5
 6
 7class MyApp(ShowBase):
 8    def __init__(self):
 9        ShowBase.__init__(self)
10
11        # Load the environment model.
12        self.scene = self.loader.loadModel("models/environment")
13        # Reparent the model to render.
14        self.scene.reparentTo(self.render)
15        # Apply scale and position transforms on the model.
16        self.scene.setScale(0.25, 0.25, 0.25)
17        self.scene.setPos(-8, 42, 0)
18
19        # Add the spinCameraTask procedure to the task manager.
20        self.taskMgr.add(self.spinCameraTask, "SpinCameraTask")
21
22    # Define a procedure to move the camera.
23    def spinCameraTask(self, task):
24        angleDegrees = task.time * 6.0
25        angleRadians = angleDegrees * (pi / 180.0)
26        self.camera.setPos(20 * sin(angleRadians), -20 * cos(angleRadians), 3)
27        self.camera.setHpr(angleDegrees, 0, 0)
28        return Task.cont
29
30
31app = MyApp()
32app.run()

The procedure taskMgr.add() tells Panda3D’s task manager to call the procedure spinCameraTask() every frame. This is a procedure that we have written to control the camera. As long as the procedure spinCameraTask() returns the constant AsyncTask.DS_cont, the task manager will continue to call it every frame.

In our code, the procedure spinCameraTask() calculates the desired position of the camera based on how much time has elapsed. The camera rotates 6 degrees every second. The first two lines compute the desired orientation of the camera; first in degrees, and then in radians. The set_pos() call actually sets the position of the camera. (Remember that Y is horizontal and Z is vertical, so the position is changed by animating X and Y while Z is left fixed at 3 units above ground level.) The set_hpr() call actually sets the orientation.

Run the Program

The camera should no longer be underground; and furthermore, it should now be rotating about the clearing:

../../../_images/tutorial2.jpg