Controlling the Camera

Default Camera Control System

By default, Panda3D runs a task that allows you to move the camera using the mouse.

To enable it, use the following command:

window->setup_trackball();

The keys to navigate are:

Mouse Button	Action
Left Button	Pan left and right.
Right Button	Move forwards and backwards.
Middle Button	Rotate around the origin of the application.
Right and Middle Buttons	Roll the point of view around the view axis.

Go ahead and try this camera control system. The problem with it is that it is sometimes awkward. It is not always easy to get the camera pointed in the direction we want.

Tasks

Update the Code

Instead, we are going to write a task that controls the camera’s position explicitly. A task is nothing but a procedure that gets called every frame. Update your code as follows:

#include "pandaFramework.h"
#include "pandaSystem.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  // Load the window and set its title.
  PandaFramework framework;
  framework.open_framework(argc, argv);
  framework.set_window_title("My Panda3D Window");
  WindowFramework *window = framework.open_window();
  // Get the camera and store it in a variable.
  NodePath camera = window->get_camera_group();

  // Load the environment model.
  NodePath scene = window->load_model(framework.get_models(), "models/environment");
  // Reparent the model to render.
  scene.reparent_to(window->get_render());
  // Apply scale and position transforms to the model.
  scene.set_scale(0.25, 0.25, 0.25);
  scene.set_pos(-8, 42, 0);

  // Add our task, which can be any function or lambda that returns DoneStatus.
  framework.get_task_mgr().add("SpinCameraTask", [=](AsyncTask *task) mutable {
    // Calculate the new position and orientation (inefficient - change me!)
    double angledegrees = task->get_elapsed_time() * 6.0;
    double angleradians = angledegrees * (3.14 / 180.0);
    camera.set_pos(20 * sin(angleradians), -20.0 * cos(angleradians), 3);
    camera.set_hpr(angledegrees, 0, 0);

    // Tell the task manager to continue this task the next frame.
    return AsyncTask::DS_cont;
  });

  // Run Panda's main loop until the user closes the window.
  framework.main_loop();
  return 0;
}

The procedure taskMgr.add() tells Panda3D’s task manager to call the procedure spinCameraTask() every frame. This is a procedure that we have written to control the camera. As long as the procedure spinCameraTask() returns the constant AsyncTask.DS_cont, the task manager will continue to call it every frame.

The object passed to taskMgr->add() is a C++ std::function object, which can be a lambda or separate function. If defined as a separate function, it should look like this:

AsyncTask::DoneStatus your_task(AsyncTask *task) {
  // Do your stuff here.

  // Tell the task manager to continue this task the next frame.
  // You can also pass DS_done if this task should not be run again.
  return AsyncTask::DS_cont;
}

For more advanced usage, you can also subclass AsyncTask and override the do_task method to make it do what you want.

In our code, the procedure spinCameraTask() calculates the desired position of the camera based on how much time has elapsed. The camera rotates 6 degrees every second. The first two lines compute the desired orientation of the camera; first in degrees, and then in radians. The set_pos() call actually sets the position of the camera. (Remember that Y is horizontal and Z is vertical, so the position is changed by animating X and Y while Z is left fixed at 3 units above ground level.) The set_hpr() call actually sets the orientation.

Run the Program

The camera should no longer be underground; and furthermore, it should now be rotating about the clearing: