Obstacle Avoidance
‘Obstacle Avoidance’ is a behavior where an AI Character steers away from obstacles in its path.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZnuWRiKL6I
In PandAI, obstacle avoidance is defined as :
aiBehaviors.obstacleAvoidance(float feeler_length)
Feeler length is the range at which the obstacle can be detected by the AI Character
(Note : This does not correspond to actual length in render. The algorithm computes the feeler’s length based on AI Character’s speed and size and also the Obstacle size and the feeler length which is input to it simply a multiplier)
For the algorithm to work, the obstacles need to be added to the world like this :
aiWorld.addObstacle(NodePath obstacle)
Also you can remove an obstacle at any time needed by using
aiWorld.removeObstacle(NodePath obstacle)
The full working code in Panda3D is :
import direct.directbase.DirectStart
from panda3d.core import *
from direct.showbase.DirectObject import DirectObject
from direct.task import Task
from direct.actor.Actor import Actor
#for Pandai
from panda3d.ai import *
#for Onscreen GUI
from direct.gui.OnscreenText import OnscreenText
# Globals
speed = 0.75
# Function to put instructions on the screen.
font = loader.loadFont("cmss12")
def addInstructions(pos, msg):
return OnscreenText(text=msg, style=1, fg=(1,1,1,1), font = font,
pos=(-1.3, pos), align=TextNode.ALeft, scale = .05)
class World(DirectObject):
def __init__(self):
base.disableMouse()
base.cam.setPosHpr(0,0,55,0,-90,0)
self.loadModels()
self.setAI()
self.setMovement()
def loadModels(self):
# Seeker
ralphStartPos = Vec3(-10, 0, 0)
self.pursuer = Actor("models/ralph",
{"run":"models/ralph-run"})
self.pursuer.reparentTo(render)
self.pursuer.setScale(0.5)
self.pursuer.setPos(ralphStartPos)
# Target
self.target = loader.loadModel("models/arrow")
self.target.setColor(1,0,0)
self.target.setPos(5,0,0)
self.target.setScale(1)
self.target.reparentTo(render)
# Obstacle 1
self.obstacle1 = loader.loadModel("models/arrow")
self.obstacle1.setColor(0,0,1)
self.obstacle1.setPos(2,0,0)
self.obstacle1.setScale(1)
self.obstacle1.reparentTo(render)
# Obstacle 2
self.obstacle2 = loader.loadModel("models/arrow")
self.obstacle2.setColor(0,0,1)
self.obstacle2.setPos(5,5,0)
self.obstacle2.setScale(1)
self.obstacle2.reparentTo(render)
self.pursuer.loop("run")
def setAI(self):
#Creating AI World
self.AIworld = AIWorld(render)
self.AIchar = AICharacter("pursuer",self.pursuer, 100, 0.05, 5)
self.AIworld.addAiChar(self.AIchar)
self.AIbehaviors = self.AIchar.getAiBehaviors()
self.AIbehaviors.pursue(self.target)
# Obstacle avoidance
self.AIbehaviors.obstacleAvoidance(1.0)
self.AIworld.addObstacle(self.obstacle1)
self.AIworld.addObstacle(self.obstacle2)
#AI World update
taskMgr.add(self.AIUpdate,"AIUpdate")
#to update the AIWorld
def AIUpdate(self,task):
self.AIworld.update()
return Task.cont
#All the movement functions for the Target
def setMovement(self):
self.keyMap = {"left":0, "right":0, "up":0, "down":0}
self.accept("arrow_left", self.setKey, ["left",1])
self.accept("arrow_right", self.setKey, ["right",1])
self.accept("arrow_up", self.setKey, ["up",1])
self.accept("arrow_down", self.setKey, ["down",1])
self.accept("arrow_left-up", self.setKey, ["left",0])
self.accept("arrow_right-up", self.setKey, ["right",0])
self.accept("arrow_up-up", self.setKey, ["up",0])
self.accept("arrow_down-up", self.setKey, ["down",0])
#movement task
taskMgr.add(self.Mover,"Mover")
addInstructions(0.9, "Use the Arrow keys to move the Red Target")
def setKey(self, key, value):
self.keyMap[key] = value
def Mover(self,task):
startPos = self.target.getPos()
if (self.keyMap["left"]!=0):
self.target.setPos(startPos + Point3(-speed,0,0))
if (self.keyMap["right"]!=0):
self.target.setPos(startPos + Point3(speed,0,0))
if (self.keyMap["up"]!=0):
self.target.setPos(startPos + Point3(0,speed,0))
if (self.keyMap["down"]!=0):
self.target.setPos(startPos + Point3(0,-speed,0))
return Task.cont
w = World()
run()
To get the full working demo, please visit :